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A Simulation Technique of Thermal Side-Channels from Cryptographic Circuits
DescriptionThis study investigates the potential risks of thermal side-channel leakage in cryptographic circuits. Unlike current-based side-channel attacks, thermal energy presents unique challenges due to its inherent difficulty to confine. Cryptographic operations generate thermal energy as a byproduct, which can leak sensitive information. Using a novel simulation technique, we combined circuit simulation and thermal analysis to evaluate temperature variations during AES operations. Our findings reveal that plaintext-dependent temperature differences, with T-values exceeding 4.5 in some cases, indicate a potential for thermal leakage.

To mitigate this, heat dissipation mechanisms were evaluated. While these mechanisms reduced temperature variations on the circuit side, new leakage pathways emerged in other areas, demonstrating a trade-off between thermal management and security. This highlights the need for balanced design strategies that address both thermal behavior and cryptographic robustness.

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